The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. The softening and melting of blast furnace burden materials. Many know me as the ten year series book author for jc alevel h2 chemistry and olevel pure chemistry. The limestone combines with impurities and molten rock from the iron ore and sinter, forming a liquid slag which, being lighter than the metal, floats on. These revision notes on the extraction of iron in a blast furnace and the process of steel making and other alloys should prove useful for the new aqa, edexcel and ocr gcse 91 chemistry science courses. If the answer you have written is not right, change it to the. At the end of the twentieth century the biggest blast furnaces had between 14 and 15 m in hearth diameter, and were producing 34 million tons of. General certificate of education june 2007 advanced. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace. Chemistry powerpoint presentations free to download. Chemistry chm6w unit 6a synoptic assessment monday 26 june 2006 9.
Metal chemistry is very adverse, hot metal is taken to this section for casting into pig iron. You can be honest and avoid the skeptical jeers of surly chemists by taking things one calculation. In the blast furnace, the reducing gas ispredominantly co with varying amounts ofhydrogen depending upon the moisture content ofthe blast and other blast additives like fuel oil ornatural gas. Pdf using blended learning method, blast furnace subject was analysed. Original post by abdulahi a blast furnace can produce about 700 tonnes of iron a day. Great for ks1 ks2 ks3 ks4 and post 16 a level lessonplans, and more. The coke essentially impure carbon burns in the blast of hot air to form carbon dioxide a strongly exothermic reaction. Iron, fe, is extracted from its metal oxide in the blast furnace using carbon as a reducing agent. The air blown into the bottom of the furnace is heated using the hot waste gases from the top. Presently, very big furnaces reach production levels of 12,000 tpd or more. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making. Ideal for use in the classroom, student learning or general knowledge. Ss1 what is steel ss2 how is steel made ss3 rusting. Once a beginning is made, production is vast without limit.
A blast furnace is a vertical countercurrent heat exchange and chemical reactor for producing hot metal. Reactivity series reactions with air, water, hcl ores, types of extraction extraction of iron blast furnace tab book any feedback would be appreciated. The chemical composition of slag 1,7 can vary over a wide range depending on the nature of the ore, the composition of the limestone flux, the coke consumption and the kind of iron being made. At the bo ttom of the furnace, the temperature is very high. Apwjun07chm2 2 leave margin blank 1 a i on the axes below, draw a maxwellboltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gas at temperature t.
Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic chemistry. Calculate the ccl bond energy c i when g of c, h 2 and c are completely burnt in excess. The physics hypertextbook is a reaction to the three big problems with textbooks. The best computer science o level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you.
It can also change over the years with alterations in the sources and types of ore being smelted. Footprintsscience gcse science animations and quizzes. The chemistry of steelmaking the basic oxygen furnace. Blast furnaces have grown considerably in size during the twentieth century. Powerpoint presentations on a huge range of chemistry topics.
Recently, however, various infurnace phenomena have become the subject of. F e 2 n h 3 g the reaction between persulfate ions peroxodisulfate ions, s 2 o 82, and iodide ions in solution can be. Blast furnace phenomena and modelling the iron and steel. Why cant magnesium reduce zinc oxide in a blast furnace chemistry significance of enthalpy in iron production. Blast furnace produces hot metal liquid iron using iron ore, coke, sinter. The blast furnace is around 30 metres high and lined with fireproof bricks. How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Aqa gcse chemistry 8462 edexcel gcse chemistry 1ch0 ocr gateway chemistry j248 eduqas wjec chemistry. Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. While the ladle is at lmf the chemistry of the heat of steel is verified to determine that proper alloy additions were made during the tapping of the heat. How to do arithmetic with significant figures dummies. These kinds of quantities are expressed with derived units, which are built from combinations of base units. Chemists arent satisfied with measuring length, mass, temperature, and time alone.
How to build derived units from base units dummies. Heat energy is valuable, and it is important not to waste any. The blast furnace proper was square in shape and built in the form of a stack which tapered toward the top. The schematic diagram of a blast furnace in figure 9. Often, in the steel industry, blast furnace gas is used as an accessional to natural gas bojic and mourdoukountas. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry form three pdf online. The method used in blast furnaces have been used since the 1500s. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. Thermochemical model for blast furnace process control with the. Modern blast furnaces, equipped with efficient charging apparatuses and operating on quality raw materials and coke with a blast temperature of 1200. Modern furnaces will take a charge of up to 350 tonnes and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes. The blast fans the heat in the furnace to whitehot intensity, and the iron in the ore and sinter is melted out to form a pool of molten metal in the bottom, or hearth, of the furnace. Material covering the exact size of the older group cannot be found but from the area covered by the ruins it was approximately 50 ft.
Students draw in a diagram of the blast furnace, then fill in the gaps to show the reactions that happen. Additional alloys and fluxes may be added at the lmf if required. The diagram shows oxygen being blown into the furnace or bos vessel through a water cooled oxygen lance. Blast furnaces operate on the principle of chemical reduction whereby carbon. To the blast furnace, the following ingredients are added. Apw0105chm2 6 leave margin blank 3 the curve below shows how the volume of oxygen evolved varies with time when 50 cm3 of a 2. In the early days of the twentieth century, blast furnaces had a hearth diameter of 45 m and were producing around 100,000 thm per year, mostly from lump ore and coke. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212. The molten iron is made using the thermit reaction where iron oxide is reacted with aluminium powder. In the early days of the twentieth century, blast furnaces had a hearth diameter of 45 m and. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals.
The operational stability of a complex process such as the blast furnace is under constant threat owing to variation in the quality of raw materials as well as other. Pdf blast furnace in engineering education researchgate. Directmelting furnaces, in contrast to crucible furnaces, have a place in the. Get all of my asa level chemistry scribble notes at a discounted price. E and campus and college exam papers and kcse revision materials. On the contrary, chemistry often deals in calculated quantities. Click download or read online button to get blast furnace simulation book now. When doing math in chemistry, you need to follow some rules to make sure that your sums, differences, products, and quotients honestly reflect the amount of precision present in the original measurements. Modeling of burden distribution in the blast furnace doria.
Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic chemistry friday 11 january 2002 afternoon session in addition to this paper you will require. The reactions of the blast furnace involve 1 combustion of the fuel and its conversion into carbon monoxide, 2 reduction of the ore. Download and read form 3 chemistry notes form 3 chemistry notes form three chemistry notes pdf. Organic chemistry the best o level revision resource. Ten thousand men exert themselves, a thousand supervise. Iron is extracted in a blast furnace by a continuous reduction process. Hot air is also blown into the furnace which reacts with the carbon in a highly exothermic reaction, producing much of. Firstly, the carbon in the blast furnace burns with the hot air to form carbon dioxide. This is equivalent to an electric furnace nitomatte recovery of 98% taking matte and slag masses into account.
The nitrogen comes from the air and the hydrogen is obtained mainly from natural gas methane. A blast furnace works by blasting hot air up through the furnace while fuels, limestone, and ore move continuously through the top of the furnace. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Homogenization of temperature and chemistry of the heat of steel is accomplished by the bubbling of inert gas through the ladle. The blast furnace can be divided in five chemical zones as shown in fig. This is confirmed by industrial electric furnace data 29 which indicate that the partition ratio of ni between matte and slag is 10. Crucibles can be bought or made, and can be made of metal or ceramic. Avogadro number c faraday calculations c differences between hcl g and hcl aq c lab preparation of oxygen and carbon dioxide properties of carbon dioxide details of extraction of iron, using a blast furnace details of. The following questions are about the blast furnace and the production of iron. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. The haber process combines nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia.
Gcse chemistry revision questions extraction of metals. Iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. The phrase bao qin chou comes from xiao xing, little stars, ode no. Improvements in the process over many centuries eventually led to the mass production of iron and to the industrial revolution. Two worksheets one for foundation students, one for higher.
The furnaces were 50 feet high and 15 feet wide at the bosh. The basic oxygen steelmaking process is the uks major method for making steel. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. Ccea gcse chemistry 6569 cambridge igcse chemistry 0620 edexcel international gcse chemistry 4ch1 oxford aqa international gcse chemistry 9202 cambridge igcse chemistry 0620 for exams from 2019. Blast furnace simulation download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. International gcse sciences 2017 an introduction to our. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating. An introduction this book describes the principles of the blast furnace. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic.
The competition problems from the international chemistry olympiads, volume 1 edited by anton sirota, icho international information centre, bratislava, slovakia 7 problem 3 the gas escaping from a blast furnace has the following composition. This reaction produces a lot of heat, and is the main source of heat in the furnace. The temperature regime in the blast furnace shaft is such that it can be assumed a zone of mixedcontrol exists. The smelting of iron ore into metallic iron was first accomplished by primitive blast furnaces approximately three thousand years ago. Identify the additional raw materials needed in the extraction process,state why they are needed and write equations for the reactions occurring. E a is the activation energy for a reaction involving this gas. Blasts furnaces are used for smelting during the production of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and copper. These variations affect the relative content of the four major constituents.
The combined mixture is called the charge iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3 limestone calcium carbonate coke mainly carbon the charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. This reaction is the main source of heat in the furnace. Solid iron oxide burden is charged from top along with. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations. In construction, they are both around the same level of technological sophistication.
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